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You probably want your 5 to be more research orientated than this article but might make a nice 6th citation.
From SAAB Soundings Volume 18, No. 1
(Note: probably from 1977 but might be early 1978)
To See . . .
And to be Seen
One is just as important as another—a fact
that people in northern countries such as Swe-
den, Norway, Denmark and Finland are well
aware of ... and have made special provisions
for.
How many times, even on dark and foggy
days haven't you had meeting cars almost an-
grily blink their lights at you to advise you to
turn off your Saab headlights. You came home
in the dark the night before, shut off the engine
and with that also automatically the lights. You
started up the next morning in daylight, never
noticing the fact that your headlights were still
on. (On an American car, the lights would have
stayed on all night—or until the batteries wore
down.)
Actually driving with the headlights on, even
in broad daylight can make a lot of sense, and
in the Nordic countries a number of studies on
the value of daytime running lights have been
made.
These studies have already led to special light
systems for Saabs in Sweden and most recently
to a proposal by the Nordic Road Safety Council
that the use of daytime running lights be made
mandatory, year around, in all four Nordic
countries.
The authorities in Finland already do require
that all cars have their lights on at all times,
during winter months. In its proposal the Nordic
Safety Council has noted that studies of acci-
dent statistics, and field experiments, all dem-
onstrate that the use of daytime running lights
results in a decrease in the number of accidents.
The Finnish research shows that the number of
daytime accidents involving two or more par-
ties, compared with the number of expected
such accidents, decreased by 26 percent from a
period when these lights were only used by
some 50 percent of all drivers, to the period
when about 97 percent of all drivers used them.
It was also noted during the same period that
daytime accidents with two or more parties de-
creased some 33 percent compared with
accidents for which the use of daytime running
lights have no significance (single car accidents
or accidents at night).
Based on this and other studies, the Council
feels that traffic safety can be substantially im-
proved by the use of daytime running lights.
As far as the technical means for running
lights, Saab has in its 1977 models for sale in
Scandinavia incorporated a daytime running
light feature, which automatically keeps the
headlights on at all times, but with reduced
power and thus very much increased bulb life.
The daytime light feature is directly coupled to
the ignition. Turn the key and the lights are on,
at reduced power; activate the headlight switch
and the regular low beam lights are on with
full power.
Saab has for many years been studying the
need for improved car lighting, both in the
interest of better visibility for the driver, and
equally important, for the cars to be seen on the
road. This research has led to such features as
the Saab headlight wiper-washer system which
was introduced in Europe in 1971. Such a sys-
tem is now required by law on all cars sold in
Sweden. It is coupled to the regular windshield
wipers so that while the windshield is wiped the
headlights are also cleaned.
For the 1977 models, the Saab visibility re-
search has meant considerably enlarged front
side lights on all models and also larger rear
light fixtures on two- and four-door models.
On the GLE and EMS models for 1977, the front
light fixtures also include a side guidance re-
versing light—actually an extra back-up light
mounted at the rear edge of the front side lights
to illuminate the sides of the car when it is
being backed.
The needs for the driver to see—and to be
seen—are important in all climates. Saab has
long been studying the specific problems in
this area and the 1977 Saab cars offer some of
the most advanced features for car lighting
found on any car.
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